Carbureter for internal-combustion engines.



WW. HAMILL.

GNRBUNBTNR NOR INTERNAL ooMBUsTroN ENGINES.

APPLIUATION FILED FEB. 26, 1910. 1,020, 1 98, Patented Mar. 12, 1912.

. 2 BHBETE-BHEBT 1I Fiyi AIR

N el V 0 Patented Mar. 12, 1912.

W. W.HAMILL. OABBUNETEB PoR INTERNAL ooMBUsTloN ENGINES.

' APPLICATION FILED TBB. 26, 1910. 1,020,

.Wiie-SSQS: @ao/@M WILLIAM WILSON v'Hl-LIVIIIJL,OF GLASGOW, SCOTLAND.

CARIjBURETER FQR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of ietters Patent.

Application filed February 26, 1910. Serial No. 546,172.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be itknown that I, WILLIAM VViLsoN HAMILL, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Glasgow, Scotland, have invented certain new and useful Garbureters for Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specificatiop.

This invention relates to improvements in carbureters and is applicable to internal combustion or explosion engines of all types, more particularly to engines using heavy liquid hydrocarbon fuels, and has for its object to improve the construction of same and to pro-vide simple and more efficient means whereby the density and temperature ol the mixed gases supplied to the engine are automatically maintained constant, and whereby the proportion of hydrocarbon to air -may also be' controlled independently when required.

My invention also insures a homogeneous mixture of the gases, and provides-a corrective means whereby the volu me of the mixed gases is automatically regulated and proportioned during sudden variations in the re- .quirements of the engine, such as when suddenly slowing down from its accelerated speed to its minimum, and whereby the tendency to flooding or pooling due to the inertia of a column of liquid fuel emitted through an unrestricted jet orifice, is entirely obviatcd, giving practically perfect combustion at all times; this flooding, in

theordiiiary jet, interfering with proper tion. Figs. 2, 3, 4f and 5 are detail views oi'l the spraying nozzle o, double truncated cone piston y', and throttle valve spindle n, hereinafter referred to. Fig. (3 is a detail view of a modified form of the double truncated cone piston hereinafter described.

On the drawings the same reference letters wherever repeated indicate the same or similar parts.

Under my invention the carburetor comprises a Vspraying nozzle a which is surrounded -by two semi-cylindrical and detach- `able covers Y), the head of the spraying nozzle a having a number yof radial orifices c at right angles toitsaxis, and its axial passage l being closed at its upper end, preferably by a screw c which can vbe removed for cleaning purposes, and being provided lwith the usual needle valve f at its lower end for coh- Patented Mar. 12, 1912.

double conical or truncated-cone piston y' and air is drawnin between this cone jand the sleeve (7 into an upper compartment of the carbureting chamber, (Fig. 1) the minor diameter of said cone y' in its normal position being coincident with the center' of the fuel outlets z', and said cone having a crosshead or spider Z which is connected to a ccntral spindle fm adjustably connected to an outer concentric throttle valve spindle n, the position of these spindles m and n being regulated by nuts 0 and y), the construction being such as to allow adjustment of any elcment while the engine. is running and without interfering with or fouling any of the other parts. The double truncated cone piston j is, or may be, provided also with a series of orifices or slots g, as shown in Fig. G, the air entering the orifices g and mixing with the fuel above the fuel outlet orifices z withoutincreasing 'the suction at the fuel outlet orifice.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. l" the lower part of the cone piston j is provided with orifices Q, these orifices g being adapted to communicate with a recess 9 in the upper compartment lc, when the cone piston is raised as shown in dotted lines, thereby admitting air above the spraying nozzle a. The sleeve g surrounding the spraying nozzlc nA is formed `integral with a bridle r which crosses the spider or crosshcad Z at right angles, the upper boss or collar s of the said bridle 1' sliding on an extension of the hollow throttle valve spindle n and being held in its normal position by a spiral spring u on thc throttle valve spindle n. On the throttle spindle 'n is mounted a piston throttle valve n which slides in a concentric throttle sleeve l havingports Z, this l sleeve w being fixed into an ordinary valve chamber m (Fig. l) by a iange y which is used to locatethe whole apparatus centrally in the upper compartment c and which acts as a stop for lugs c provided about midway on the aforementioned bridle 1 the said valve chamber .fr communicating with the outlet to the engine manifold. The piston throttle valve o is provided, at its upper end, with an outwardly turned rim or iange 1 which acts as a stop, in its normal position, by abutting on the upper rim of t-he throttle sleeve w, and, on the upper extremity of the throttle spindle a, a collar 2 or other suitable means is provided for raising and loweringthe hollow spindle n, this collar 2 being operated either by hand from a suitable controlling lever 2 or by automatic means, such as the engine'governor. The lower compartment 3 of the carbureting chamber is surrounded by a hollow jacket 4,

which is in connection with the main eX-.

haust pipe 5 for the purpose of heating the earbureter, the temperature of said jacket 4 being controlled by a thermostat of any suitable type,'and a swivel door or cover 7 is provided to give access to the interior of the jacket 4. The swivel door 7 (see also Fig. la) is hinged aty 31and is provided with a bridge piece 32 -which is adapted to engage a pin 33 on the ,casing 34, a screw'35 and handle 36 being provided whereby the door 7 is caused' to make an ,air-tight joint with thecasing 34 when the handle 3G is given a slight turn. The hydrocarbon is heated before admission to the lower compartment 3 by passing through a jacket 8, surrounding the exhaust pipe 5, thereby raising the temperature of the fuel to that at which vaporization will lreadily take hydrocarbon to the upper compartmentc of the carbureting chamber, air passing between the sleeve g and the surrounding cone y' and :mixing with the hydrocarbon, and, in this position, the lug-s .e on the bridle y 7" abut against the flange y fixed in the upper compartment is, thus limiting the upward movement of the slee-ve g' and Vbridle r, while Y the piston throttle valve t' being slightly raised, opens communication by the ports t of the sleeve ,tu from the upper compartn'ient 7c.. to tlie engine cylinder. As the engine increases in speed the valve spindle n is further raised, thusdrawing up the cone j and increasing the areabetween it and the sleeve g of the spraying nozzle a, and admitting more air to the upper compartment 7c, which, by reason of the increased suction, draws more hydrocarbon in with it, thus maintaining the proper proportion of air to fuel. The ports of the sleeve fw are further uncovered, as the spindle aand throttle valve U continue to rise until the ports are full open or until the required volume of the mixed gases is entering the combustion chamber, while, at the same time, the spring u on the spindle n is compressed against the boss s of the bridle r. When the engine speed is reduced, the mechanism controlling the engine closes the throttle valve o, and the cone j moves vert-ieally downward, thus reducing the air supply, and, as the throttle valve v and cone j-are nearing the end of their downward vmovement, the spring u on the valve spindle n relaxes. When the boss of the throttle valve 'U abuts against the upper boss or collar s of the bridle fr, the sleeve w and bridle r. are moved downward, thus covering or partially covering the orifices c, as desired, and thereby cutting o or restricting the fuel supply and preventing excess of oil in the upper compartment 7c.

By my improved construction of carbureter the proportion of hydrocarbon to air is automatically controlled and the density maintained constant at all speeds of the engine, thus giving practically perfect combustion, but, if desired, the proportion of hydrocarbonto air may also be cont-rolled independently when required, .as for example, when using oils of varying constituencies by adjusting the-relative positions of the central spindle m and the outer concentric throttle valve spindle n. j

Having now fully described my invention what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :f- 1

l. The combination, with a carbureter for internal combustion engines having a chainber, a fuel spraying nozzle arranged in said chamber, 'a double cone piston surrounding said nozzle and means for moving said piston longitudinally of Isaid nozzle, of a sleeve inovably fitted upon said'nozzle for regulating the fuel supply, means for moving said chamber, a double cone piston surrounding said nozzle and means for moving said piston longitudinally of said nozzle, of' a sleeve movably fitted upon saidnozzle for regulatingthe fuel supply, means for moving said sleeve in conjunction with said piston and means' for stopping the movement of the sleeve in' one du'ection and checking its movement in the other direction independ- Iently ofthe movementl of the piston.

3. The combination, with a carbureter for internal combustion engines having a cham- .4. The combination, with a carbureter for.

` internal combustion engines having a car- A nally of said nozzle, of an .said nozzle bureting chamber, afuel spraying nozzle arranged in said oarbureting chamber, a double cone piston surrounding said nozzle and means for moving said piston longitudiouter concentric and tapering sleeve movably fitted upon for regulating the fuel supply, means for moving said sleeve in conjunction with said piston and means for stopping the movement of the sleeve whilev the plston continues to move, relative adjustment being thereby obtained between the piston and sleeve. Y

5. The combination, with a carbureter for.

internal combustion engines having a car! bureting chamber, a `fuel spraying nozzle arranged in said carbureting chamber, a double cone piston surrounding saidnozzle and means for moving said piston longitudinally of .said` nozzle, of an outer concentric and tapering sleeve movably fitted upon said nozzle for -regulating the fuel supply, means for moving said sleeve in conjunction with said piston and means for stopping the movement of the sleeve in one direction and checking its movement in the 'A other direction independently of the movement of the piston.

6. Thev combmatlon, with a carbureter for internal combustion engines having a carvbureting chamber, a fuelspraying nozzle arranged in said carbureting chamber, a

double cone piston surrounding said nozzle and means for moving said piston longitudinally of said nozzle, of an outer concentric and tapering sleeve having fuel outlet orifices-therein and movably fitted upon said l nozzle for regulating the fuel supply, means for moving said sleeve in conjunction with said=piston and means for stopping the movement of the sleeve while the piston continues to move, relative adjustment being thereby obtained between the piston and bureting chamber, a fuel spraying nozzle arg' ranged 1n said carbureting chamber, a double cone piston surrounding said nozzle and means for moving said pistonlongitudinally of saidjnozzle, of an outer concentric and tapering sleeve having fuel outlet orifices therein and movably fitted upon said nozzle for regulating the fuel supply, means for moving said xsleeve inl conjunction with said -piston and means for-stopping the movement of the sleeve in one direction and checking its movement in the other direction independently of the movement of the piston.

8. The combination, with a carbureter for internal combustion `engines having a car- .bureting chamber, a fuel spraying nozzle arr`anged in said carbureting chamber, a double cone piston surrounding said nozzle, and a spindle connected to and adapted to raise and lower the said piston longitudinally of said nozzle, of an outer concentric nozzle and having fuel outlet orifices therein, a spindle concentric with the 4first-mentioned spindle, a bridle fitted upon said second spindle and connected toand ladapted to on the bridle for stopping the movement of the sleeve while the piston continues to move, relative adjustment being thereby obtained between the piston and sleeve.

9. The combination, with a carbureter for internal combustion engines having a carbureting chamber, a fuel spraying nozzle arranged in said carbureting chamber, a double cone piston surrounding said nozzle, and a spindle connected to and adapted to raise and lower the said piston longitudinally of said nozzle, of an outer concentric and tapering sleeve-slidably fitted upon the nozzle and having fuel outlet orifices therein, a spindle concentric with the first-mentioned spindle, a bridle fitted upon' said second spindle and connected to and adapted to raise andv lower the saidpiston and means on the bridle for stopping the movement of the sleeve in one direction and checking its movement in the other direct-ion independently of the movement of the piston.

10. In a carburetor for internal combusltion engines, the combination of a fuel spraying nozzle having outlet orifices therein, an outer concentric and .ta ering sleeve slidably fitted upon the nozz e and having fuel outlet orifices therein, a double truncated cone piston surrounding said sleeve, a spindle, Aa bridle fitted 4uponlsaid spindle and connected to and adapted to raise and lower the said sleeve, a, second spindle connected to and adapted to raise and lower the said double cone piston, and a throttle valve mounted on said first spindle.

1.1. In a carbureter for internal combus- 7. The combination, with a carbureter for internal combustlon englnes having a carraise and lowerthesaid piston and means.

and-tapering sleeve slidably fitted upon the A and means on fuel outlet orifices therein, a double truncated cone piston surrounding Vsaid sleeve, .a spindle, a crosshead mounted on said spindle and connected to said double cone p1ston,a tubular spindle fitted upon said first spindle and -adjust-able thereon, a bridle fitted upon and connected to said' sleeve, means for raisin and lowering said spindles 1e bridle for stopping the' movement of the sleeveAwhile the piston continuesto move. relative adjustment being thereby obtained between the piston and sleeve. p

12.- In a carbureter forinternal combustion engines, the 'combination of a fuel spraying nozzle having outlet orifices therein, anlouter concentric and tapering sleeve slidably fitted upon the nozzle, and having fuel outlet orifices therein, a. double trun- 'cated cone piston surrounding said sleeve, a

spindle, a crosshead mounted on said spindle and connected to said double cone piston la tubular spindle fitted upon said first spindle and adjustable thereon, a bridle fitted upon and connected to said sleeve, means for rais- 'ing and lowering said spindles and means on the bridle for stopping the movement of the sleeve in one direct-ion and checking its movement in the other direction independently of the movement of the piston.

l13. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, the combination of a fuel spraying nozze having outlet orifices'thereinan outer concentric and tapering sleeve slidably fitted upon the nozzle and having fuel* outlet orifices therein, a double trun cated 'cone piston surrounding said sleeve, a spindle, a crosshead mounted on said spindle and connected to said double cone piston, a tubular spindle fitted upon -said first spindle and adjustable thereon, a bridle fitted uponand connected to said sleeve, a spring fitted upon the tubular spindle and interposed between bosses on said bridle and vtubular spindle, and means for raising and lowering said spindles.

14. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, the combination of a fuel spraying nozzlehaving outlet orifices therein, an outer concentric and tapering sleeve slidably.fitted upon the nozzle and having fue] outlet orifices therein, a double truncated cone piston surrounding said sleeve, a spindle, a crosshcad mounted on said spindle and connected to said double conc-piston, a tubular .spindle fitted upon said first spindle and adjustable thereon, a bridle fitted upon said tubular spindle and con-- nected to said sleeve, a spring fitted upon the tubular spindle and interposed between bosses on said bridle and tubular spindle, a

throttle valve mounted on said tubular spindle, an outer concentric and ported throttle valve sleeve, lugs on said bridle adapted to engage with the lower end of said valve sleeve, a rim on said valve ,adapted to enga e the upper end of said valve sleeve, an means for raising and lowering said spindles.

l5. A carbureter for internal combustion enginesha-ving, in combination, a chamber, a' fuel spraying nozzle arranged in said cham- .be-r, a sleeve movably fitted upon said 'nozzle for regulating the fuel supply, a double 'cone piston exterior of said sleeve for regulating the air supply and dividing the said chamber into upper and lower compartments, a piston throttle valve .located i-n the upper compartment of the chamber and means for operating said sleeve, piston and throttle valve.

16. A carbureter for internal combustion engines having, in combination, a chamber, a fuel spraying nozzle arranged in said chamber, a sleeve movably fitted upon said nozzle for regulating the fuel supply, a double cone piston exterior of said sleeve for regulating the air supply, a spindle, a bridle fitted upon said spindle and connected to and adapted to raise and lower the said sleeve, a second spindle connected ldouble cone piston movably fitted wit-hin the carburcting chamber and exteriorly of said sleeve for regulating the air supply to the carbureting chamber, and means for moving said sleeve and piston longitudinally of said nozzle to regulate the fuel and air supply.

18. The combination, with 4a carbureter for internal combustion engines having a carbureting chamber, a fuel spraying nozzle therein, of a sleeve movably fitted on said nozzle for regulating the fuel supply to the carbureting chamber, a double cone piston having a series of inclined perforations therein said' piston being movably fitted within the carbureting chamber and dividing the said chamber into upper and lower compartments, means for moving said sleeve and piston longitudinally of said nozzle to regulate the fuel and air supply, and a recess in -the said upper compartments adapted to conunu'nicate with the Said pel'- forations when the piston is raised thereby admitting air above the said spraying nozzle.

19. A. carbureter for internal combustion engines having,

in combination, a chamber, a fuel spraying nozzle arranged in said chamber, a sleeve movably fitted upon said nozzle for regulating the fuel supply, a double cone piston exterior of said sleeve and having orifices therein, said piston regulating the air supply, and means for operating said sleeve and piston.

20. A carburetor for internal combustion engines having, in combination, a chamber, a fuel spraying nozzle arranged in said Chamber, a sleeve movably fitted upon said nozzle for regulating the fuel supply, a double Cone piston exterior of said sleeve and having orifices therein, said piston regulating the air supply, a mixing chamber having a recess therein and 'located above said spraying nozzle, and means for operating said sleeve and piston.

21. A earbureter for internal combustion engines having, in combination, a chamber, a fuel spraying nozzle arranged in said chamber, a sleeve movably fitted upon said nozzle for regulating the fuel supply, a double cone piston exterior of said sleeve and having orifices in the lower part thereof, said piston regulating the air supply, a

mixing chamber having a recess therein and located above the spraying nozzle, a piston throttle valve located in the mixing chamber and means for operating said sleeve, piston and throttle valve.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM WILSON HAMILL.

lVitnesses:

VILLIAM GALL, SAMUEL BURGEss. 

